Sciatica / Pinched Nerve

Sciatica is a term used to describe Lumbar Radiculopathy.

• Lumbar Radiculopathy: Affects the nerve roots in the lower back (lumbar spine). It is commonly referred to as sciatica when it affects the sciatic nerve, causing pain to radiate down the leg.

Causes of Lumbar Radiculopathy:

Radiculopathy is typically caused by conditions that put pressure on the nerve roots, such as:

• Herniated or Bulging Discs: When a disc in the spine ruptures or bulges, it can compress the nerve root.

• Spinal Stenosis: Narrowing of the spinal canal can place pressure on the nerves.

• Degenerative Disc Disease: As discs wear out with age, they may lose height and cause nerve compression.
• Osteoarthritis: Bone spurs or degenerative changes in the spine may press on the nerve roots.

Symptoms of Radiculopathy:

• Pain: Often described as sharp, burning, or shooting pain that radiates from the spine to other areas (e.g., down the arm or leg).
• Numbness or Tingling: A sensation of “pins and needles” or numbness along the nerve’s path.
• Weakness: Loss of strength in the muscles controlled by the affected nerve, which can cause difficulty moving the arm, hand, or leg.
• Decreased Reflexes: In some cases, the reflexes in the affected area may be reduced or absent.

Diagnosis:

• Physical Examination: The doctor will assess your strength, reflexes, and sensation to check for signs of nerve involvement.
• Imaging Tests: MRI or CT scans can help identify the source of nerve compression, such as herniated discs, spinal stenosis, or degenerative changes.
• Electromyography (EMG): This test can help determine the extent of nerve damage by measuring electrical activity in the muscles.

Treatment:

• Conservative Treatments:
  • Rest: Short periods of rest to allow inflammation to subside.
  • Physical Therapy: Targeted exercises to strengthen muscles, improve posture, and relieve pressure on the nerves.
  • Medications: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), pain relievers, and muscle relaxants to manage pain and inflammation.
  • Epidural Steroid Injections: Injections of corticosteroids can help reduce inflammation and relieve pain.
• Surgical Treatment:
  • If conservative treatments fail and there is severe nerve compression or permanent damage, surgery may be necessary to relieve pressure on the nerve. Common surgeries include discectomy (removal of the herniated disc) or laminectomy (removal of part of the vertebra to relieve pressure).

If you suspect you have radiculopathy, it is important to seek medical advice to determine the cause and appropriate treatment to avoid worsening of symptoms or permanent nerve damage.