Facet Joint Pain

Facet joint pain syndrome (also called facet joint osteoarthritis or facet joint syndrome) refers to pain originating from the facet joints in the spine. These are the small joints located at the back of the spine that connect the vertebrae, allowing for movement and providing stability. There are two facet joints at each vertebral level—one on each side of the spine.

Facet joints are essential for flexibility and movement of the spine, enabling bending, twisting, and overall mobility. When these joints become irritated, inflamed, or damaged, they can lead to facet joint pain syndrome.

Causes of facet joint pain syndrome include:

• Osteoarthritis: The most common cause, especially as we age. The cartilage in the facet joints wears down over time, leading to pain and inflammation.
• Injury or trauma: A fall, car accident, or other injury can damage the facet joints and cause pain.
• Poor posture or overuse: Repetitive motions, poor posture, or activities that put excessive stress on the spine can wear down the facet joints.
• Degenerative changes: Age-related changes to the spine, including disc degeneration, can lead to instability in the facet joints

Symptoms of facet joint pain syndrome include:

• Localized pain: The pain is often felt in the neck, lower back, or other regions of the spine, depending on which facet joints are affected.
• Pain with movement: The pain may increase when bending, twisting, or extending the spine.
• Stiffness: A feeling of limited range of motion or stiffness in the spine.
• Pain radiating to other areas: Sometimes, the pain can radiate to areas like the shoulders, buttocks, or thighs, especially if the joints in the lower back are affected.
• Tenderness: The affected area may be tender to touch, and certain movements can trigger pain.

Treatment for facet joint pain syndrome:

• Conservative treatments: These include physical therapy, pain medications (like NSAIDs), heat or cold therapy, and rest.
• Injections: In some cases, corticosteroid injections into the facet joints can reduce inflammation and relieve pain.

• Chiropractic care or spinal manipulation: These may help with mobility and pain relief for some people.
• Surgical options: If conservative treatments don’t provide relief, surgical procedures like facet joint rhizotomy (where nerve fibers are disrupted to reduce pain) or spinal fusion may be considered.